Computer Knowledge Hub - Expert Guides & Resources

60% Keyboard: How To Use Arrow Keys

Use Fn+IJKL to access arrow keys on 60% keyboards. Press Fn+I (up), Fn+K (down), Fn+J (left), Fn+L (right) for navigation without dedicated arrow keys.

Adjust Visual Effects in Windows 10

Adjust Windows 10 visual effects for best performance or appearance. Access Performance Options, choose presets, or customize individual effects.

All About Computer RAM - Types, Speeds, and How Much You Need

RAM is your computer's short-term memory that stores data temporarily for quick CPU access. Learn types, capacities, speeds, and how much you need.

All About CPU Sockets: Essentials You Need To Know About

When building or upgrading a computer, one critical factor often overlooked by beginners is the CPU socket. This small but vital component determines what…

Are All-In-One Computers Good For Gaming?

All-in-one computers handle light gaming but struggle with demanding titles due to thermal throttling and mobile GPUs. Traditional desktops offer superior…

Are Chromebooks Useless Without Internet

Chromebooks work offline for Google Docs, media playback, Android apps, and local files. Many features remain functional without internet connection.

Are Desktop Computers Slowly Becoming Obsolete?

Desktop computers are not becoming obsolete. They remain essential for gaming, professional work, and power users due to superior performance and value.

Are Gaming PCs Supposed To Be Loud?

Gaming PCs get louder under load but shouldn't be excessively noisy. Normal fan noise during gaming is expected, but grinding or constant loudness indicates…

Best PC Cooling Methods To Boost Performance And Stay Cool

Best PC cooling methods include air cooling with tower coolers, AIO liquid cooling, custom loops, and case airflow optimization for peak performance.

Can A PC Sit On The Carpet? What You Need To Know

PCs can sit on carpet but risk overheating, dust buildup, and static damage. Use a stand or platform for proper airflow and protection.

Can A Virus Escape A Virtual Machine?

Yes, viruses can escape VMs through network connections, shared folders, and hypervisor exploits. Learn the real risks and protection methods.

Can I Use My GPU in a VM?

Yes, you can use your GPU in a VM through GPU passthrough with compatible hardware (IOMMU support, two GPUs). Learn setup requirements and methods.

Can SSDs Have Bad Sectors?

Yes, SSDs can develop bad sectors when memory cells fail, but unlike HDDs, they use wear leveling and spare blocks to manage failures automatically.

Can You Do Schoolwork on a Gaming PC?

Yes, gaming PCs excel at schoolwork with powerful processors, ample RAM, and fast storage. They're overqualified for basic tasks and perfect for advanced…

Common Computer Terms Explained

In today's technology-driven world, computers are integral to both personal and professional life. Yet, the language of technology can sometimes feel like a…

Computer Fan Curves & Control: Optimize Performance & Noise

Learn computer fan curves and control to optimize cooling and reduce noise. Configure fan speeds, BIOS settings, and software for better performance.

Computer Maintenance Tips

Keep your computer running smoothly with these 10 essential maintenance tips: regular updates, disk cleanup, antivirus scans, and hardware cleaning.

Desktop vs Laptop: My 30+ Year Computing Experience

After 30+ years building hundreds of computers from 8088 XT to modern systems, desktops win for performance (40% more power per dollar), laptops for…

Disadvantages of Not Activating Windows 10

Discover 8 major disadvantages of not activating Windows 10, including security risks, limited features, and persistent watermarks affecting your experience.

Do I Need a Sound Card? The Complete Guide

Most users don't need a sound card since modern motherboards have quality integrated audio, but gamers and audio professionals may benefit from dedicated cards.

Do MacBooks Need Screen Protectors?

MacBooks don't need screen protectors - Apple advises against them due to potential damage to the anti-reflective coating and interference with display closure.

Does a Computer Need a Graphics Card?

Not all computers need a graphics card. Integrated graphics handle basic tasks, but dedicated GPUs are essential for gaming, video editing, and professional…

Does A Gaming PC Need An SSD

Gaming PCs don't require SSDs but benefit greatly from them. SSDs reduce load times by 60-80% and improve texture streaming in modern games.

Does Blue Screen Damage Computer

Blue screens don't damage computers. BSOD is a protective shutdown preventing hardware damage from underlying issues like failing RAM or overheating.

Does Thermal Paste Actually Expire?

Thermal paste does expire. Unopened tubes last 3-5 years, opened tubes 1-2 years. Signs include drying, separation, and increased temperatures.

External vs An Internal Hard Drive: Which Is Best For You?

When it comes to data storage, one of the key decisions you'll face is choosing between an external and an internal hard drive. Both options have their own…

Fix A Computer Overheating When You're Playing Games

Fix computer overheating when playing games with temperature monitoring, cooling solutions, and airflow optimization. Prevent crashes and hardware damage.

Fix Optimized Battery Charging Not Working On A MacBook

Fix MacBook Optimized Battery Charging issues by enabling Location Services, updating macOS, and resetting SMC. Requires macOS 10.15.5+ to function.

Force Quit Frozen Programs Windows 11, 10

Ctrl+Shift+Esc opens Task Manager to force quit frozen apps. Works for unresponsive Chrome, games, Excel. Fix programs not closing properly in Windows.

Gaming PC Won't Connect To TV

Gaming PC won't connect to TV? Check cables, display settings, graphics drivers, and TV compatibility. Step-by-step troubleshooting guide.

How Computers Work: The Complete Beginner's Guide

Computers work by following four steps: input, processing, storage, and output. Learn how each component contributes to this fundamental cycle.

How Long Do Computer Power Supplies Usually Last?

Computer power supplies typically last 5-10 years depending on quality, usage, and environment. Learn the signs of PSU failure and how to extend lifespan.

How Many Watts Does a Gaming PC Power Supply Need?

Gaming PCs need 400-1200 watts depending on GPU/CPU. Calculate your exact wattage, choose 80+ certified PSU with 10-20% headroom for stability and upgrades.

How Many Years Should A Desktop Computer Actually Last?

When purchasing a desktop computer, many users wonder about its longevity. A desktop computer is an investment, and knowing how long it will last can help you…

How Motherboards Work: The Complete Guide

Motherboards work by coordinating power delivery, managing data flow between CPU and RAM, and controlling component communication through chipsets and PCIe…

How Much Energy Do Gaming Computers Use

Gaming computers use 300-800 watts while gaming, costing $10-25 monthly. Learn exact energy consumption by component and how to reduce power usage.

How Often Should I Replace Thermal Paste

Replace thermal paste every 2-5 years for normal use, 2-3 years for gaming, and 1-2 years for overclocked systems. Learn signs and replacement timing.

How Often Should My Laptop Fan Come On

Laptop fans turn on at 60-70°C and should activate every 10-15 minutes during normal use. Constant running indicates overheating problems that need fixing.

How to Adjust Computer Energy Consumption: 8 Proven Methods

Adjust computer energy consumption using power management settings, display optimization, and CPU control. Save 30-50% on electricity bills with these 8…

How to Adjust Page File Settings in Windows 10: Complete Guide

Learn how to adjust page file settings in Windows 10. Step-by-step guide to change pagefile size, optimize virtual memory, and improve system performance.

How To Change Any File Attributes Easily

Change file attributes in Windows, macOS, and Linux using GUI and command-line methods. Modify read-only, hidden, system, and archive attributes easily.

How To Change Audio Output In Windows

Learn 4 methods to change audio output in Windows. Switch between speakers, headphones, and devices instantly using taskbar, settings, or app-specific controls.

How To Change The Power Plan In Windows 10

Learn how to change power plans in Windows 10 through Control Panel. Simple 3-step guide to switch between Balanced, Power Saver, and High Performance modes.

How To Check If A CPU Is Working Properly

You're in the right place if you need to check a CPU to ensure it works properly. Whatever your reason for evaluating the working condition of a computer…

How to Check if a GPU is Working Properly

Check if your GPU is working properly using Task Manager, temperature monitoring, and stress tests. Look for stable temps (60-85°C) and no artifacts.

How To Clean Your RAM Contacts Properly

Keeping your computer's RAM clean is crucial for maintaining system stability and reliability. In this guide, I'll share a trusted method I've used for over…

How To Connect A Gaming PC To Your WiFi

Connect your gaming PC to WiFi using built-in adapters, USB dongles, PCIe cards, or smartphone hotspots. Multiple methods for wireless connectivity.

How To Get Windows 10 For Free As A Student

Get Windows 10 free as student: Check OnTheHub for school partnerships, use Azure for Education, or contact IT for volume licenses. Verified methods included.

How To Know If Your Laptop Has A Backlit Keyboard

Check for backlight icons on F-keys, look in dark room, try Fn+F5/F6, check laptop specs online, or use Windows Mobility Center. Quick visual inspection works…

How To Know If Your PC Is Low-End Or High-End

Check CPU cores, GPU type, RAM capacity, and storage speed to quickly determine if your PC is low-end, mid-range, or high-end for your needs.

How To Make A Gaming Laptop Battery Last Longer

Make your gaming laptop battery last longer with 9 proven methods: adjust brightness, close apps, optimize settings, and manage power consumption effectively.

How To Make Your Mac Stop Charging At 80%

Enable Battery Health Management in System Settings > Battery to make your Mac stop charging at 80%. Works automatically on macOS Big Sur and later.

How To Properly Store Your Thermal Paste

Store thermal paste properly by keeping it cool, dry, and sealed. Room temperature storage with low humidity extends lifespan up to 2 years.

How To Put Windows 10 On USB (Simply & Easily)

Create a bootable Windows 10 USB drive using Microsoft's Media Creation Tool. Simple 3-step process with detailed instructions for beginners.

How to Reduce Computer Power Consumption and Save Money

Reduce computer power consumption by 30-50% using smart energy settings, power management tools, and automatic optimization to lower electricity bills.

How To Reduce Laptop Heat: 8 Proven Methods That Work

Reduce laptop heat with 8 proven methods: improve ventilation, clean dust, adjust power settings, update software, and replace thermal paste.

How To Reduce The RAM Usage In Windows 10

Reduce Windows 10 RAM usage by disabling startup programs, adjusting virtual memory, scanning for malware, and optimizing performance settings.

How To Replace Your GPU Thermal Paste

Replace GPU thermal paste by removing the heatsink, cleaning old paste, applying new compound, and reassembling. Lowers temps by 10-20°C typically.

How to Speed Up GPU Fan with MSI Afterburner & More

Speed up graphics card fan using MSI Afterburner: Download → Enable manual control → Adjust slider to 60-70%. Works with all GPU brands. Complete guide…

How to Stop Windows from Updating Graphics Drivers

Stop Windows from updating graphics drivers using Microsoft's Hide Tool, Device Installation Settings, or Group Policy. Prevent driver conflicts easily.

How To Tell If A Processor Or Motherboard Is Bad

Diagnose processor vs motherboard failures with systematic testing. Check power, test CPU stress, examine connections for accurate diagnosis.

How to Tell if Computer Parts Are Compatible

Check CPU socket, motherboard chipset, RAM type, and power requirements. Use compatibility tools to verify PC parts work together before buying.

How to Tell If CPU Is Damaged From Overheating

Learn 8 key signs of CPU overheating damage including crashes, slowdowns, and thermal throttling. Plus diagnostic methods to test your processor.

How To Transport Your Desktop PC In A Car

Learn the safest methods to transport your desktop PC in a car. Remove heavy components, secure coolers, and protect your computer during travel.

How To Turn On a Computer

Complete guide on turning on a computer. Check power connections, monitor setup, and troubleshoot startup issues step by step.

Inside The Graphics Card: How GPUs Work And Why They Matter

Discover what's inside a graphics card and how GPUs work. Learn about GPU components, VRAM, cooling systems, and why graphics cards matter for gaming.

Introduction To Networking: How Computers Connect & Communicate

Learn how computer networks connect devices and enable communication. Covers network types, components, protocols, and essential concepts for beginners.

Is 4 Sticks Of RAM Slower Than Just 2?

4 sticks of RAM aren't slower than 2 sticks with same capacity and speed. Performance depends on motherboard support, memory controller, and configuration.

Is Custom Liquid Cooling Worth It

Custom liquid cooling is worth it for enthusiasts seeking superior cooling, quiet operation, and aesthetics, but costs $300-800+ vs $50-150 for air cooling.

Is It Bad for a CPU to Run at 100%?

Short bursts at 100% CPU usage are normal, but prolonged high usage can cause overheating and reduce lifespan. Learn prevention tips and solutions.

Keeping Dust Out Of Your Computer: Essential Tips

Learn effective methods for keeping dust out of your computer to prevent overheating and hardware damage. Includes prevention tips and cleaning techniques.

Keyboard Types and Technologies Explained

Discover the differences between membrane, mechanical, and specialized keyboards. Learn about switch types, features, and which keyboard suits your needs best.

Mid Tower vs Full Tower Cases Compared

Mid tower cases are 18 inches tall, support ATX boards, and suit most users. Full towers are 22+ inches, fit E-ATX boards, and offer superior cooling space.

Onboard Audio vs. A Sound Card: Key Differences

For most modern PCs, onboard audio seems "good enough", and often, it is. But if audio quality matters to you, even a little, it's worth taking a closer look.

Operating System Cost Comparison

Operating system costs range from free (Linux) to $100-200 (Windows) to $1000+ (macOS with hardware). Compare Windows, macOS, and Linux pricing here.

Parts of a Computer and Their Functions

Main parts of a computer: CPU (brain), motherboard (connects all), RAM (memory), PSU (power), GPU (graphics), storage, and case. Learn their functions.

Parts Of A Motherboard And Their Main Functions

Essential motherboard parts include CPU socket, RAM slots, PCIe slots, chipset, BIOS chip, power connectors, and I/O ports for complete PC functionality.

PC Airflow Calculator: Optimize Your Case Cooling

Calculate your PC's airflow and pressure balance with our free calculator. Optimize fan placement, determine intake/exhaust ratios, and get recommendations…

PC Airflow Optimization: Improve Your Case Cooling Performance

Master PC airflow optimization with proven techniques. Learn pressure balance, fan placement strategies, and testing methods for better cooling performance.

PC Parts That You Can Buy Used With Confidence

CPUs, GPUs, RAM, and cases are safe used buys. Avoid used PSUs and storage drives. Complete guide to smart used PC part shopping.

PC Upgrade Path Planner

Free PC upgrade path planner to determine which component to upgrade next. Get personalized recommendations based on your current system, usage, and budget…

Power Supply Basics: Complete Guide to PC Power Supplies

Learn everything about PC power supplies - from wattage and efficiency ratings to modular types and protection features. Essential guide for building or…

Should Hard Drives Be Horizontal or Vertical?

Hard drives can be mounted horizontally or vertically safely. Horizontal is preferred for stability and cooling, but modern drives work fine either way.

Should You Reinstall Windows With A New CPU?

Usually not required. Windows 10/11 adapt to new CPUs automatically. Reinstall only when switching motherboards or experiencing issues.

Switch Between Programs in Windows 10

Alt+Tab is the quickest way to switch between programs in Windows 10. Learn all keyboard shortcuts and methods to switch windows instantly.

The Benefits Of Dual Monitors For Gaming

Dual monitors for gaming provide enhanced multitasking, extended field of view, better performance monitoring, and improved streaming capabilities.

Things To Check When Buying A Used Computer

Essential checks for buying used computers: test hardware, verify specs, examine condition, run diagnostics. Avoid costly mistakes.

Types of Computers and Their Uses: Complete Guide

Discover the main types of computers and their specific uses. From supercomputers to smartphones, learn which computer type fits your needs best.

Understanding External Storage Options

External storage ranges from portable USB drives to network NAS systems. Choose based on speed needs, capacity, and budget for optimal data management.

Using An Old Hard Drive With A New Motherboard

Learn how to use an old hard drive with a new motherboard. Covers compatibility issues, driver conflicts, BIOS settings, and step-by-step installation.

What Exactly Is GPU Scalping? (And How It Works)

GPU scalping involves buying graphics cards in bulk using bots and reselling them at inflated prices, often 2-3x retail cost.

What Happens When A Laptop Battery Runs Out

When your laptop battery runs out, it shuts down suddenly causing data loss and potential hardware stress. Learn what happens and how to prevent damage.

What is a BIOS? Functions and How It Works (Complete Guide)

Learn what BIOS is, its main functions including POST, boot process, and hardware management. Complete guide to BIOS vs UEFI, settings, and troubleshooting.

What Is A Computer Monitor? Types Of Monitors Explained

A monitor is a visual display device that shows graphics from your computer's GPU. Learn about different monitor types, resolutions, and features.

What is a CPU? Complete Guide to Processors & How They Work

A CPU is your computer's brain that executes instructions and performs calculations. Learn how processors work, their components, and performance factors.

What Is Binary Code? And How It Impacts Computer Hardware

Binary code uses 0s and 1s to represent all computer data and instructions. Every click, keystroke, and pixel on your screen starts as binary.

What Is Thermal Throttling? Causes, Effects, and Solutions

Thermal throttling reduces CPU/GPU performance when temperatures exceed safe limits. Learn causes, effects, and proven solutions to prevent throttling.

What Operating Systems Do: A Beginner's Guide

Operating systems manage everything your computer does - from running apps to saving files. Learn how Windows, macOS, and Linux work behind the scenes.

Why Are Laptops More Expensive Than Desktops

Laptops cost more than desktops due to portability, compact design, integrated components, and specialized manufacturing. Learn the 9 key reasons why.

Why Can't Windows 10 Play DVDs Anymore? (Fix It Easily)

Windows 10/11 removed built-in DVD support to cut licensing costs. Use VLC Media Player (free) or Windows DVD Player app. Simple codec fixes included.

Why Do Computers Slow Down So Much With Age?

If your computer seems to be slowing down over time, you're not alone. Like many other electronic devices, computers tend to slow down as they age. This…

Why Do CPUs Generate Heat

CPUs generate heat due to electrical resistance and switching activity in billions of transistors. Higher clock speeds and voltage increase heat production.

Why Do Graphics Cards Have Their Own Memory? VRAM Explained

Graphics cards , also known as GPUs (Graphics Processing Units), are essential components in modern computers, especially for gaming, video editing, and other…

Why Do Intel Chips Not Have Any Pins?

Intel chips don't have pins because they use LGA design where pins are in the motherboard socket, not the CPU, improving durability and performance.

Why Do Keyboards Have 2 USB Ports?

Keyboards have 2 USB ports for power requirements (RGB lighting), USB pass-through functionality, and enhanced performance. Both connectors are needed for…

Why Do Laptop Batteries Degrade So Fast

Laptop batteries degrade due to charge cycles, heat exposure, and chemical aging. Most lose 20% capacity after 300-500 cycles within 2-3 years of use.

Why Do MacBooks Not Have USB Ports?

MacBooks don't have USB-A ports because Apple replaced them with USB-C for faster speeds, universal compatibility, and thinner designs. Learn why and how to…

Why Do Motherboards Have 2 Ethernet Ports

Motherboards have dual ethernet ports for network redundancy, bandwidth aggregation, and network segmentation. Learn the 6 key benefits of dual LAN ports.

Why Do Motherboards Have A Battery

Motherboards have a CMOS battery to preserve BIOS settings and maintain system clock when powered off. Without it, settings reset and time is lost on every…

Why Do Some Motherboards Still Have PS2 Ports?

Although USB ports have largely replaced older connection types, many gaming motherboards and computers still come equipped with PS2 ports . This might seem…

Why Do SSDs Slow Down When They're Full?

SSDs slow down when full due to limited empty blocks, inefficient garbage collection, and depleted overprovisioning space. Learn 6 proven methods to maintain…

Why Does RAM Always Come In Powers Of 2?

RAM comes in powers of 2 (4GB, 8GB, 16GB) because computers use binary addressing. This design optimizes memory access and manufacturing efficiency.

Why Does Windows Not Show Any Available Networks?

Windows not showing available networks? Check Wi-Fi settings, driver issues, and network services to restore connectivity.

Why Is My GPU So Hot? 10 Causes and Proven Solutions

GPU overheating caused by poor airflow, dust buildup, thermal paste issues, or overclocking. Learn 10 proven solutions to keep your graphics card cool.

Why Is My GPU Usage So Low

Low GPU usage typically means CPU bottleneck, VSync limits, or driver issues. Check task manager during gaming - if GPU sits below 90%, fix these common causes.

Will A Gaming Laptop Work For Business

Yes, gaming laptops work excellently for business with powerful CPUs, superior graphics, and robust build quality. Learn pros, cons, and best use cases.

Windows 10 Education For Gaming

Windows 10 Education performs identically to Home and Pro for gaming. Same DirectX 12, Game Mode, and hardware support with no performance differences.

Windows 10 Night Light Benefits and How to Use It

Windows 10 Night Light reduces blue light exposure, improves sleep quality, and prevents eye strain. Learn how to enable and customize this feature.

Windows 10 Without Internet

Install Windows 10 without internet connection. Complete offline setup guide covers installation, drivers, activation, and local account creation.

Windows 10: Enable Auto Login Easily

Learn how to enable Windows 10 auto login with 3 easy methods: User Accounts, Registry Editor, and Group Policy. Step-by-step guide with screenshots and…

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